How does security work in Oracle HCM Cloud?

April 14, 2025

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How Does Security Work in Oracle HCM Cloud?

Security in Oracle HCM Cloud is designed to ensure that sensitive HR data is protected while giving users access only to the information they need to perform their roles. Oracle HCM uses a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model that allows organizations to control access at both the functional (what you can do) and data (what data you can see) levels.

1. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

At the core of Oracle HCM Cloud’s security model is RBAC. Each user is assigned roles that define:

The functions they can perform (such as viewing or updating employee records)

The data they can access (such as records from a specific department or business unit)

There are three main types of roles:

A. Abstract Roles

These represent general roles that most employees fall into, regardless of their job. Examples include:

Employee

Line Manager

B. Job Roles

These roles define what users can do in the system based on their job responsibilities. Examples include:

Human Resource Specialist

Payroll Manager

Compensation Administrator

C. Data Roles

Data roles combine job roles with data security policies, allowing job role holders to access only the data they are authorized for. For instance, an HR Specialist can view employee data, but a data role will restrict them to seeing data only for employees in a specific region or department.

2. Security Layers

Oracle HCM Cloud uses multiple layers of security to ensure tight control:

A. Functional Security

Determines what actions a user can perform in the application (e.g., view reports, update assignments). Controlled by job roles and privileges.

B. Data Security

Determines what data the user can access (e.g., only employees in the Sales department). Controlled by data roles and security profiles.

C. Role Hierarchies

Roles can be inherited. For example, a Line Manager role may inherit all privileges of the Employee role but also have additional access to team data.

3. Security Profiles

Security profiles define criteria that control what data a user can access. Common security profiles include:

Person Security Profile – Restricts access to employee/person data.

Organization Security Profile – Controls access by department, business unit, or legal entity.

Position, Job, and Location Security Profiles – Allow filtering by these attributes.

These profiles are attached to data roles and define the scope of visibility for a user.

4. Role Customization and Provisioning

Organizations can customize delivered roles or create new roles to match their specific needs. Roles can be assigned:

Manually by administrators.

Automatically through role provisioning rules, which assign roles based on conditions like job, department, or location.

Conclusion

Oracle HCM Cloud provides a powerful and flexible security framework through Role-Based Access Control, security profiles, and layered permissions. By combining functional and data security with customizable roles, organizations can ensure that users only access what they need—nothing more, nothing less—enhancing both security and compliance across the enterprise.